Sebaceous cyst excision is a surgical procedure used to remove a sebaceous cyst, which is a non-cancerous, slow-growing lump that develops under the skin. These cysts form when the sebaceous gland or its duct becomes blocked or damaged, leading to the accumulation of sebum a thick, oily substance produced by the gland. Sebaceous cysts are typically round, smooth, and filled with a cheese-like, foul-smelling substance. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, neck, back, and upper torso. The excision procedure involves making an incision over the cyst, removing it along with its lining to prevent recurrence, and then closing the wound with sutures. The causes of sebaceous cyst formation are often related to trauma or injury to the skin, which can block the sebaceous gland duct. Other causes include swollen hair follicles, acne, or genetic conditions like Gardner's syndrome. These cysts can also develop due to skin conditions that cause thickening or damage to the skin, trapping sebum beneath the surface. Sebaceous cysts can become inflamed or infected, particularly if they are repeatedly irritated or squeezed. Symptoms of a sebaceous cyst include a small, round lump under the skin that is usually painless and movable. The cyst can vary in size, from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. If a cyst becomes infected or inflamed, it may become red, tender, warm to the touch, and produce a foul-smelling discharge if ruptured. Infected cysts can also cause pain and swelling in the surrounding tissue and may require prompt medical attention. Complications from sebaceous cyst excision are generally minimal but can include infection, bleeding, and scarring at the site of removal. If the cyst is not completely excised, there is a risk of recurrence, meaning that the cyst could redevelop over time. Other rare complications include damage to surrounding tissues, particularly if the cyst is located near nerves or blood vessels. Patients with larger cysts or those in challenging locations may also experience a longer healing time and increased discomfort. Proper surgical technique and post-operative care, such as keeping the area clean and dry, avoiding strenuous activities, and monitoring for signs of infection, are crucial to minimizing complications. Sebaceous cyst excision is a straightforward procedure that effectively removes the cyst, alleviates symptoms, and reduces the likelihood of recurrence.
